The concept of moving the building means any artificially organized change in the position of the whole building in space in relation to the position that the building occupied at the place of its construction before the start of the movement. The required movement can be carried out either by moving the building as a whole or with its division into separate sections.
The goals and types of moving buildings. The need to move buildings can arise as a practical task for achieving the following goals: 1) the liberation of areas for new development, expanding city streets, expanding or redevelopment of the territory of industrial enterprises, freeing out of alienation for rail or other roads, etc. In all these cases, the task of moving is the preservation of the building instead of its demolition; 2) changes in the position of buildings in height, for example, in connection with a change in the profile of the street or to destroy the filling of the building with high waters or for the “increase” of the building from below; 3) straightening of uneven precipitation of the building; 4) an increase in the size of the building in plan by pushing its individual sections and the buildings between them of new.
Movements are: 1) straightforward in the horizontal plane; 2) curved (rotation) in a horizontal plane; 3) straightforward on an inclined plane; 4) straightforward in the vertical plane (lifting or lowering) and 5) rotation in the vertical plane.
General characteristics of buildings moved in foreign practice.
In Russia, repeated cases of the movement of wooden chopped houses are known; there was no practice of moving large stone buildings. The only cases described in the literature are the movement of stone buildings: 1) produced in 1896. Movement for 100 m of a two -story brick house in Moscow in the Oktyabrsky station and 2) movement (90 ° rotation) of the post office in Makeevka, made in 1934. (building volume 3400 mg> Weight – 1300 tons).
The practice of moving capital buildings in Western Europe also provides only separate examples of such works. The only country where these works have found wide application and acquired a certain methodology are the United States. The number of capital structures moved there is determined by many hundreds and contains buildings most diverse in designs and reaching very large sizes.
One of the companies specializing in this area (Eikley Company in Pittsburgh) annually produces from 200 to 300 movements. In the weight of buildings, factory pipes, reservoirs, bridges, etc. p.
In height and number of storeys, the largest of the moved buildings with. 8 and 9 floors (Frederick Building in Al-Bani, Woodwell Compape in Pittsburgh, telephone station in Indiano-Polis) and reached a height of 33-38m had a loading iron. The highest of buildings with brick load -bearing walls had 7 floors (control of the Illinoi railway in Chicago). The highest of reinforced concrete buildings had the floors.
In terms of structures in the plan: the largest size in the direction of movement had 42 m \ the largest size in the direction perpendicular to traffic is 60 m. In terms of development, the largest value reached 1600 m.
According to the configuration of the plan, it can be noted that most of the moved buildings had a rectangular outline in plan, while others – such a combination of partially combined rectangles, which represented, in general, a compact form.